B015783 - BIOCHEMISTRY AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Italian

Gorzynski Smith Fondamenti di Chimica Organica Ed. Mc Graw Hill
G.W. Solomons "Fondamenti di Chimica Organica" Ed. Zanichelli
J. McMurry "Chimica Organica" Ed. Zanichelli
W.H. Brown "Introduzione alla Chimica Organica" EdiSES
M.Bosetto I.Lozzi. Elementi di Biochimica agraria. Aracne. Roma ISBN 88-548-0724-9
A.Lehninger, D. Nelson M. Cox: Principi di Biochimica. Zanichelli Bologna
M. Maffei. Biochimica Vegetale. Piccin, Padova

Courses to be used as requirements (required and/or recommended)
Courses required: none
Courses recommended: General chemistry, mathematics

written test (0rganic chemistry) snd oral examionation (biochemistry)

General concepts on carbon chemistry. Hybridization and functional groups in organic chemistry. Basicity and acidity in aqueous and non aquous solutions. Mesomeric and inductive effect, and their influence on reactivity of organic molecules. Alkanes. IUPAC nomenclature of organic molecules. Cycloalkanes and their conformation. Stereochemistry and Asymetric Carbon- enantiomers and diastereomers. Chiral molecules and R/S classification. Polarimetry and optical activity of organic molecules. molecules with multiple stereocenters and meso forms. Aliphatic nucleophylic. SN2 e SN1 substitution Radical reactions of alkanes. Alkenes. Electrophilic addition to the double bonds. Markovnikoff’s rule and E/Z classification. Rectivity and stability of alkenes. Alkynes. Conjugated double bonds and allyl compounds. Synthesis and reactivity of Alcohols and ethers. Aromaticity and aromatic compounds. Electrophylic aromatic substitution and group orientation. Phenols, aldehydes and ketons. Reaction of carbonyl compounds: acetals ed emi-acetals. Immines. cheto-enolic Tautomery. aldolic Condensation. carboxilic Acids and their derivatives (Clorides, esters anhydrids and amides). Nucleophylic substitution reactions to acyl groups. Amines: Basicity, and reactivity. Fats and lipids, classification and properties. Carbohydrates: classification, Anomery and Mutarotation reactions. Glycosides. Mono di-and polysaccarides Starch and cellulose. Aminoacids: acid –base Properties and peptide synthesis. Protein conformation and structure. Enzymes classification and catalysis in plant cells. Glucose metabolism: Glycolisis. Krebs’ cycle, ATP production. Shunt pathway. Photosynthesis, Calvin cycle. C4 and CAM CO2 fixation pathways. Photorespiration. Lipid Biosynthesis. Nitrogen cycle in plant cells: Nitrate and nitrite reductase, glutamine –glutamic acid cycle. Amino acid biosynthesis. Lipid Catabolism: α e β oxydation. Lipid biosinthesys. Gluconeogenesys.
Laboratory: sysnthesis of esters, determination of enyme kinetic parameters, determination of proteins in plant tissue, Enzymatic essays of plant metabilites